Impact of Storm Characteristics on Infiltration Dynamics in Sponge Cities Using SWMM

Effective stormwater management in urban areas requires enhancing the permeability of underlying surfaces. However, impact storm characteristics on infiltration processes sponge cities remains insufficiently explored. This study uses Horton method within water model to investigate how uniform and Chicago parameters affect rates. Our findings provide valuable insights: (1) Increasing porous pavement area proportionally reduces subarea sizes subcatchments, rates pavements are supply-controlled. (2) Uniform storms result consistent initial across pervious areas, entire catchment. The duration this stable state decreases with higher return periods. Catchment volumes exhibit linear growth greater intensities (R-squared = 0.999). (3) Peak moments for overall catchment correlations both period time-to-peak coefficient, correlation coefficients ranging from −0.9914 0.9986 p-values 0.0334 0.6923. quantifies influence design infiltration, providing insights infrastructure control.